ginger essence effect on nausea and vomiting after open and laparoscopic nephrectomies

conclusions using ginger essence was effective in reducing nausea and vomiting not only in the subjects who underwent open nephrectomy but also in the subjects of laparoscopic nephrectomy. using ginger essence is suggested as a complementary remedy to prevent and treat post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients with nephrectomy. background some studies reported that ginger was effective in prevention or treatment of post-surgical nausea and vomiting; however, there are controversies. in addition, no study compared the effects of ginger on nausea and vomiting after open and laparoscopic nephrectomies. objectives the current study aimed to compare the effect of ginger essence on nausea and vomiting after open versus laparoscopic nephrectomies. patients and methods a randomized, placebo trial was conducted on two groups of patients, 50 open and 50 laparoscopic nephrectomy. half of the subjects in each group received ginger essence and the other half received placebo. using a visual analogue scale the severity of nausea was assessed every 15 minutes for the first two post-operative hours and the sixth hour. frequency of vomiting was counted until the sixth hour. the placebo subgroups were treated similarly. descriptive statistics were employed. chi-square and fisher’s exact tests, paired and independent samples t-test and repeated measure analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. results repeated measure analysis of variance showed that the type of surgery and the type of intervention as factors had significant effects on the nausea severity scores in the nine successive measurements (p < 0.001). in the first two post-operative hours, the mean vomiting episodes was 2.92 ± 0.70 in the subjects who underwent open surgery and received placebo while it was 0.16 ± 0.37 in patients with the same surgery but receiving ginger essence (p = 0.001). the mean vomiting episodes was 6.0 ± 1.33 in the subjects who underwent laparoscopic surgery and received placebo while it was 1.39 ± 0.78 in patients with the same surgery but receiving ginger essence (p = 0.001).